NTA NET NEW SYLLABUS (COMMERCE )

                                             NTA- NET 

           NEW SYLLABUS (COMMERCE )

  Unit 1: Business Environment and International Business 
  Unit 2: Accounting and Auditing
Unit 3: Business Economics 
Unit 4: Business Finance
Unit 5: Business Statistics and Research Methods
Unit 6: Business Management and Human Resource Management 
Unit 7: Banking and Financial Institutions
Unit 8: Marketing Management 
Unit 9: Legal Aspects of Business
Unit 10: Income-tax and Corporate Tax Planning

 Unit 1: Business Environment and International Business


·         Concepts and elements of business environment: Economic environment- Economic systems, Economic policies(Monetary and fiscal policies); Political environment- Role of government in business; Legal environment- Consumer Protection Act, FEMA; Socio-cultural factors and their influence on business; Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

·         Scope and importance of international business; Globalization and its drivers; Modes of entry into international business

·         Theories of international trade; Government intervention in international trade; Tariff and non-tariff barriers; India’s foreign trade policy

·         Foreign direct investment (FDI) and Foreign portfolio investment (FPI); Types of FDI, Costs and benefits of FDI to home and host countries; Trends in FDI; India’s FDI policy

·         Balance of payments (BOP): Importance and components of BOP

·         Regional Economic Integration: Levels of Regional Economic Integration; Trade creation and diversion effects; Regional Trade Agreements: European Union (EU), ASEAN, SAARC, NAFTA

·         International Economic institutions: IMF, World Bank, UNCTAD

·         World Trade Organisation (WTO): Functions and objectives of WTO; Agriculture Agreement; GATS; TRIPS; TRIMS

    Unit 2: Accounting and Auditing



·         Basic accounting principles; concepts and postulates

·         Partnership Accounts: Admission, Retirement, Death, Dissolution and Insolvency of partnership firms

·         Corporate Accounting: Issue, forfeiture and reissue of shares; Liquidation of companies; Acquisition, merger, amalgamation and reconstruction of companies

·         Holding company accounts

·         Cost and Management Accounting: Marginal costing and Break-even analysis; Standard costing; Budgetary control; Process costing; Activity Based Costing (ABC); Costing for decision-making; Life cycle costing, Target costing, Kaizen costing and JIT

·         Financial Statements Analysis: Ratio analysis; Funds flow Analysis; Cash flow analysis

·         Human Resources Accounting; Inflation Accounting; Environmental Accounting

·         Indian Accounting Standards and IFRS

·         Auditing: Independent financial audit; Vouching; Verification ad valuation of assets and liabilities; Audit of financial statements and audit report; Cost audit

·         Recent Trends in Auditing: Management audit; Energy audit; Environment audit; Systems audit; Safety audit

  

Unit 3: Business Economics

·         Meaning and scope of business economics

·         Objectives of business firms

·         Demand analysis: Law of demand; Elasticity of demand and its measurement; Relationship between AR and MR

·         Consumer behavior: Utility analysis; Indifference curve analysis

·         Law of Variable Proportions: Law of Returns to Scale
·         Theory of cost: Short-run and long-run cost curves

·         Price determination under different market forms: Perfect competition; Monopolistic competition; Oligopoly- Price leadership model; Monopoly; Price discrimination

·         Pricing strategies: Price skimming; Price penetration; Peak load pricing

                                 

Unit 4: Business Finance

·         Scope and sources of finance; Lease financing

·         Cost of capital and time value of money

·         Capital structure

·         Capital budgeting decisions: Conventional and scientific techniques of capital budgeting analysis

·         Working capital management; Dividend decision: Theories and policies

·         Risk and return analysis; Asset securitization

·         International monetary system

·         Foreign exchange market; Exchange rate risk and hedging techniques

·         International financial markets and instruments: Euro currency; GDRs; ADRs

·         International arbitrage; Multinational capital budgeting

 Unit 5: Business Statistics and Research Methods

  •   Measures of central tendency
  • Measures of dispersion
  • Measures of skewness
  • Correlation and regression of two variables
  • Probability: Approaches to probability; Bayes’ theorem
  • Probability distributions: Binomial, poisson and normal distributions
  • Research: Concept and types; Research designs
  • Data: Collection and classification of data
  • Sampling and estimation: Concepts; Methods of sampling - probability and non- probability methods; Sampling distribution; Central limit theorem; Standard error; Statistical estimation
  • Hypothesis testing: z-test; t-test; ANOVA; Chi–square test; Mann-Whitney test (U- test); Kruskal-Wallis test (H-test); Rank correlation test
  • Report writing


UNIT 6: Management and Human Resources




·         Principles and functions of management
·         Organization structure: Formal and informal organizations; Span of control

·         Responsibility and authority: Delegation of authority and decentralization

·         Motivation and leadership: Concept and theories

·         Corporate governance and business ethics

 ·         Human resource management: Concept, role and functions of HRM; Human resource planning; Recruitment and selection; Training and development; Succession planning

·         Compensation management: Job evaluation; Incentives and fringe benefits

·         Performance appraisal including 360 degree performance appraisal

·         Collective bargaining and workers’ participation in management

 ·         Personality: Perception; Attitudes; Emotions; Group dynamics; Power and politics; Conflict and negotiation; Stress management

·         Organizational Culture: Organizational development and organizational change

Unit 7: Banking and Financial Institutions

·         Overview of Indian financial system

 ·         Types of banks: Commercial banks; Regional Rural Banks (RRBs); Foreign banks; Cooperative banks

·      Reserve Bank Of India:Functions; Role and monetary policy 

·         Banking sector reforms in India: Basel norms; Risk management; NPA management


·         Financial markets: Money market; Capital market; Government securities market

 ·         Financial Institutions: Development Finance Institutions (DFIs); Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs); Mutual Funds; Pension Funds

·         Financial Regulators in India

·         Financial sector reforms including financial inclusion

 ·         Digitisation  of  banking   and  other  financial  services:      Internet banking; mobile banking; Digital payments systems

 ·         Insurance: Types of insurance- Life and Non-life insurance; Risk classification and management; Factors limiting the insurability of risk; Re-insurance; Regulatory framework of insurance- IRDA and its role

                  Unit 8: Marketing Management

·         Marketing: Concept and approaches; Marketing channels; Marketing mix; Strategic marketing planning; Market segmentation, targeting and positioning

·         Product decisions: Concept; Product line; Product mix decisions; Product life cycle; New product development

·         Pricing decisions: Factors affecting price determination; Pricing policies and strategies

·         Promotion decisions: Role of promotion in marketing; Promotion methods - Advertising; Personal selling; Publicity; Sales promotion tools and techniques; Promotion mix

·         Distribution decisions: Channels of distribution; Channel management

·         Consumer Behaviour; Consumer buying process; factors influencing consumer buying decisions

·         Service marketing

·         Trends in marketing: Social marketing; Online marketing; Green marketing; Direct marketing; Rural marketing; CRM

·         Logistics management

 Unit 9: Legal Aspects of Business


·         Indian Contract Act, 1872: Elements of a valid contract; Capacity of parties; Free consent; Discharge of a contract; Breach of contract and remedies against breach; Quasi contracts;

·         Special contracts: Contracts of indemnity and guarantee; contracts of bailment and pledge; Contracts of agency

·         Sale of Goods Act, 1930: Sale and agreement to sell; Doctrine of Caveat Emptor; Rights of unpaid seller and rights of buyer

·         Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881: Types of negotiable instruments; Negotiation and assignment; Dishonour and discharge of negotiable instruments

·         The Companies Act, 2013: Nature and kinds of companies; Company formation; Management, meetings and winding up of a joint stock company

·         Limited Liability Partnership: Structure and procedure of formation of LLP in India

·         The Competition Act, 2002: Objectives and main provisions

·         The Information Technology Act, 2000: Objectives and main provisions; Cyber crimes and penalties

·         The RTI Act, 2005: Objectives and main provisions

·         Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) : Patents, trademarks and copyrights; Emerging issues in intellectual property

·         Goods and Services Tax (GST): Objectives and main provisions; Benefits of GST; Implementation mechanism; Working of dual GST

  Unit 10: Income-tax and Corporate Tax Planning

·         Income-tax: Basic concepts; Residential status and tax incidence; Exempted incomes; Agricultural income; Computation of taxable income under various heads; Deductions from Gross total income; Assessment of Individuals; Clubbing of incomes

·         International Taxation: Double taxation and its avoidance mechanism; Transfer pricing

·         Corporate Tax Planning: Concepts and significance of corporate tax planning; Tax avoidance versus tax evasion; Techniques of corporate tax planning; Tax considerations in specific business situations: Make or buy decisions; Own or lease an asset; Retain; Renewal or replacement of asset; Shut down or continue operations

·         Deduction and collection of tax at source; Advance payment of tax; E-filing of income-tax returns




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